Pre-clinical research conducted primarily in animal models informs the hypotheses for its use, but no large randomized controlled trials in humans have confirmed efficacy for any outcome - including gut-lining support, tissue-related processes, or any other claimed mechanism
By applying controlled microcurrents through the positive and negative electrodes on the patch, it gently opens temporary channels in the stratum corneum of the skin
The peptides mechanism of action, however, remains only partially understood, and its receptor system has yet to be definitively identified
Alpha-Lipoic Acid as an Antioxidant Among antioxidant substances, alpha-lipoic acid is unique as it maintains protective functions in both its oxidized (ALA) and reduced (DHLA) forms (Table 1) [8,10], although the latter is more effective in performing antioxidant functions