The global market size for Bacteriostatic Water for Injection (BWFI), which includes research-grade products, was approximately USD 1.121.2 billion in 2024, with projections reaching USD 1.3 billion in 2025
Vitamin C and vitamin E are also added for their brightening and antioxidant properties
In addition, edema was reduced by 15% in the supplement group at the end of the flight compared with a 12% increase in the placebo group (Cesarone 2003)
Common Side Effects When side effects occurred, they were typically mild, transient, and similar in frequency to placebo groups: Reported Adverse Effects Most Common (occurring in small percentage of participants): Mild to moderate headaches (most frequently reported, often resolving with continued use) Injection site reactions (minor redness, swelling, or irritation at injection site) Gastrointestinal effects (particularly at higher oral doses: mild nausea, diarrhea, flatulence) Fatigue (reported occasionally during initial adaptation period) Rare Events: One case of chest tightness was deemed possibly related to treatment in safety trials
