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113,114 Current treatments are only partially effective, and further understanding of the diseases mechanism are needed to develop effective drugs
Within that family, its part of a subgroup called xanthophylls, which contain oxygen atoms that allow them to embed within cell membranes and neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) more effectively than many other carotenoids.15 In nature, astaxanthin is produced by tiny microalgae, such as Haematococcus pluvialis , as a defense mechanism
The rationale was to simultaneously inhibit HIF-1 signaling and VEGF-mediated angiogenesis, two key pathways driving tumor growth under hypoxic conditions