Consequently, intracellular zinc homeostasis alterations regulate downstream molecular objectives, in addition to protein kinase C (PKC), ERK1/2 activation leading to neuronal cell death, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), phosphodiesterases (PDEs), protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), and transcription factors, such as NF-B
The intact garlic mainly contains non-volatile -glutamyl- S -alk(en)yl-L-cysteines, namely, -glutamyl- S -allyl-L-cysteine, -glutamyl- S-trans -1-propenyl-L-cysteine, and S -alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides such as S -allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (alliin), S -( trans -1-propenyl)- L-cysteine sulfoxide (isoalliin), and S -methyl-L- cysteine sulfoxide (methiin) with a small amount of S -allyl cysteine (SAC) (Figure 1A) (Block, 1992)
However, approximately 30% of patients still do not survive, and those who do, often experience long-term side effects that affect their quality of life [318]
The destiny of Ca2+ released by mitochondria