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In contrast, those who never smoked before and during pregnancy had a significantly lower risk of overall birth congenital anomalies (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.730.81)

The rule explicitly states, This regulation does not include a prohibition on individual consumer possession or use, and FDA cannot and will not enforce against individual consumers for possession or use of menthol cigarettes

Carboni E, Bortone L, Giua C, Di Chiara G (2000a)

By looking at twin studies, in which the twins had the same genes but grew up in separate homes, we could see that their genes could explain 43% of the risk of becoming a smoker, Speed said