Conclusions and Future Perspectives This review described the major physiological effects of betaine as a preventive agent for the treatment for various diseases (Table 1), including ALD, MAFLD, and cancer due to its properties as an osmoprotectant and a methyl-group donor
As such, it is involved in many biological processes, including the breakdown of fats, the reduction of serum cholesterol, serotonin activity modulation, gene expression, and insulin signal transduction
Rare but serious complications : infection, tissue necrosis (skin damage), nerve injury, irregular fat loss or asymmetry, severe allergic reaction, and scarring
It is used as a diluent to reconstitute or dilute injectable medications, allowing multi-dose use thanks to its preservative