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Findings underscore the need to educate the public on the health effects of nicotine and LNCs, and can help public health practitioners determine which subgroups should be prioritized in targeted educational efforts." Biomarker analysis demonstrates a high degree of noncompliance with smoking VLNC cigarettes, indicating that smokers are supplementing these with conventional cigarettes

The approach used by PMI to substantiate reduced emissions for consumer-facing product statement is based on the World Health Organization (WHO) 9 list

The gum reaches peak nicotine levels within 1 hour, yet a cigarette can reach peak nicotine levels within 5 minutes (Houezec, 2003)

Figure 10