Of note, most of the direct neuronal effects of VEGFAsuch as neuronal survival in cell culture models of stroke involving oxygen and glucose deprivation (Maiese, 2015) or excitotoxicity (Matsuzaki et al., 2001), hypoxic preconditioning in vitro (Wick et al., 2002), and protection in MCA occlusion models of stroke in vivo (Hayashi, Abe, & Itoyama, 1998)have been ascribed to activation of Vegfr2 (FarokhiSisakht, Farhoudi, SadighEteghad, Mahmoudi, & Mohaddes, 2019
Int J Environ Res Public Health
"Targeted Apoptosis of Senescent Cells Restores Tissue Homeostasis in Response to Chemotoxicity and Aging." Cell
Astaxanthin's eye health benefits are mostly attributed to its antioxidant protection and inflammation-regulating properties