salivarius cells under acid stress [40]
When controlling for these relevant covariates, we observed significant effects of IF-P on seven metabolites (Figure 5B, Supplementary Table 4), which may be considered candidate markers of intermittent fasting: serine ( q = 0.003), TMAO ( q = 0.012), levulinic acid ( q = 0.017), 3-aminobutyric acid ( q = 0.029), citrate ( q = 0.033), isocitrate ( q = 0.033), and glucuronic acid ( q = 0.049)
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This hypothetical adverse effect, although not clinically reported until now, is analogous to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis suppression seen with long-term use of systemic corticosteroids Exacerbation of Helicobacter pylori associated peptic ulcers: Helicobacter pylori is known to feed on macrophages and neutrophils abundant at the site of inflammation caused by the ulcer