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doi: 10.1007/s00296-010-1549-4 Summary Keywords antinuclear antibodies (ANA), autoimmune diseases, carbon monoxide (CO), cotinine, e-cigarettes, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), tobacco smoking, vaping Citation Dinse GE, Weinberg CR, Parks CG, Co CA, Priest JT, Chan EKL and Miller FW (2025) Decreased cigarette smoking may partially explain the increased prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in the United States

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5 This corresponds to states with high prevalence of adolescent cigarette use typically having a low prevalence of adolescent perception that there is a great health risk from smoking

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