[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 86.Kang K., Zhao M., Jiang H., Tan G., Pan S., Sun X
NAD feeds mitochondrial ATP output
DPP-4i could restore the inactivation of AKT and ERK signaling and inhibit NF-B activation to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-, IL-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), ICAM-1 and TGF- (169, 170)
after centrifugation for 10 min at 3000 rpm in an Eppendorf AG centrifuge (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany), the absorbances at 260 and 280 nm in the supernatant were measured in order to monitor the release of intracellular material outside the cell ( 2.6.2 Protein concentration Protein extraction was determined by using the commercial Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, United States) based on the reduction of Cu +2 to Cu +1 by proteins in an alkaline medium (Biuret reaction) and colorimetric detection of cuprous cation (Cu +1 ) using a single reagent containing bicinchoninic acid (BCA)