1 Introduction Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the progressive loss of neurons or myelin in the brain and spinal cord, including Alzheimers disease (AD), Parkinsons disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntingtons disease (HD) (Wilson et al., 2023)
Gene expression studies reveal modulation of 408 neuronal genes, including dramatic increases in OPRM1 (opioid receptor, up 1,294%), KCND1 (up 845%), and SLC8A2 (up 737%)
Some researchers hypothesize that combining BPC 159 and BPC 157 could potentially enhance their individual benefits, but this remains speculative without robust scientific evidence
doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102041 19 BaH