Dyer DG, Blackledge JA, Thorpe SR, Baynes JW
The pharmacological activities of adaptogens (Table 3) depend on their molecular mechanisms of action, including specific effects on the expressions of genes (Table S1 in the Supplement), encoding proteins of adaptive stress response signaling pathways (Table S2 in the Supplement), and networks involved in the modes of the pharmacological action, including the regulation of biological processes and physiological and cellular functions (Table 4), which are associated with progression of stress-induced and aging-related diseases (Table 5) as depicted on the flowchart below [66] (Figure 8)
mansoni, which was assigned to the action of a metabolite (having the general structure 5, Figure 9) rather than to OPZ itself [58]
Consequently, there is a pressing need for laboratories to establish reference intervals that account for the specific lifestyle, gender, age, and methodological characteristics of the local population